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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFAs) like Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) convert to resolvins, protectins, and maresins. They have strong anti-inflammatory effects.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFAs) increase the activation of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) or G-Protein Coupled Receptor 120 (GPR120). They alter the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) and Interleukin-17 Family / Interleukin-17 (IL-17)
C-reactive protein ≤ 5 mg/L is significantly related to ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fat
Given the pro-inflammatory effects of several MAPKs, particularly extracellular signal-related kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), their inhibition by omega-3 PUFAs is a prospective mechanism by which omega-3 PUFAs block or reduce intestinal inflammation and decrease the expression of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines mediators, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-alfa)
With the inhibition of NF-kB activation by Omega-3 PUFAs, the expression of inflammatory genes is reduced, and the anti-inflammatory transcription factor PPAR gamma is activated
Omega-3 PUFAs serve as alternative substrates for cyclooxygenase (COX) or lipoxygenase (LOX), preventing the conversion of Arachidonic acid (AA) to the pro-inflammatory eicosanoid and reducing the production of inflammatory factors
Omega-3 PUFAs upregulate the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation while downregulating genes encoding proteins involved in lipid synthesis
see also:
Protectins
Resolvins