Bacterial Translocation / Intestinal permeability

The penetration of bacterial material is not only possible with a disturbed intestinal barrier but also with an intact intestinal barrier
Huang et al. 2019e Nat. Microbiol. 4: 766-773
Yiu et al. 2020 Circ. Res. 127: 1236-1252
Mehandru & Colombel 2021 Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18: 83-84
Moreno-Navarrete et al. 2021 Clin. Nutr. 40: 1420-1429
Scheithauer et al. 2021 Gut Microbes 13: 1-14
Gedgaudas et al. 2022 Gut Microbes 14: 2029674

Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier leads to an uncontrolled translocation of bacteria and their metabolites via the portal vein into the liver
Tripathi et al. 2018

The role of bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelia in activating TLR and NLR and promoting Inflammation / Inflammatory Diseases is strongly supported
Jobin 2013 Cancer discovery 3(4): 384-387
Schwabe & Jobin 2013 Nat Rev Cancer 13(11): 800-812
Pradere et al. 2013 Oncogene. 33(27): 3485-95
Nagi et al. 2014 Front Immunol 5: 161

see also:
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier / Mucus Layer & Composition
Leaky Gut Syndrome / Leaky Gut