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Gut dysbiosis caused a reduction in Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression in mLN tissue and induced hyperreactivity of RA signaling and IFN-I response in mLN.
The IGF-1/Akt pathway inhibits RA signaling and the IFN-I response, which positively affects CD4+ Th2 cells differentiation.
In over 65 individuals the low-protein diet does not appear to reduce further the circulating IGF-1 already lowered during the aging process and may instead contribute to lean body mass loss and frailty
In subjects younger than 65, IGF-1 levels correlate with level of protein intake but not in subjects 66 and older
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is the key factor promoting growth in mammals
For example, many epidemiological studies have pointed to the increased mortality risk in subjects with low IGF-1, leading to the conclusion that IGF-1 should be maintained higher, but several studies have pointed to both the lowest and highest IGF-1 levels being associated with higher mortality, pointing to mid-range IGF-1 as consistently linked to low mortality