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Effector molecules: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) / Interleukin-1 family, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
Major effects: Upregulation of CD54 (Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1)) expression, mobilize stimulatory Dendritic Cells (DCs)
Melanocytes produce melanin that is transferred
to the surrounding keratinocytes that utilize it to protect their genome in the nucleus from the deleterious UV-induced DNA damage
Activation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) on keratinocytes promotes Th1 responses and production of Interferons (IFNs)
Keratinocytes possess ability to induce T cells activation or antigen-specific tolerization.
Black et al. 2007
Keratinocytes upon stimulation with IFN-gamma can express MHC class II.
Nickoloff & Turka 1994
Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes plays a vital role in the etiology of psoriasis