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Several purines, including xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid (UA), are considered uremic toxins
When chronic kidney disease develops, the capacity of the kidneys to clear metabolic waste products from the body is gradually lost. This process results in the retention of a large array of compounds affecting biochemical and biological functions (uremic toxins), of which several can cause cardiovascular damage
Indole and [indoxyl sulfate](brain://pQF2fTkcM0OwFkCggY35jw/Indoxyl3sulfateIndo…