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When Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) activate G-Protein Coupled Receptor 41 (GPR41) and G-Protein Coupled Receptor 43 (GPR43) on intestinal epithelial cells, they trigger downstream MAPK signaling, which rapidly induces chemokines and cytokines. In some systems, GPR43 signaling is linked to MAPK / ERK pathway and [p38 …