Microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are a described category of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) ligands that includes molecular patterns found in both pathogenic and commensal microbes
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The surface components of probiotics, such as flagella, pili, Fimbriae, surface layer proteins (SLPs), capsular polysaccharide (CPS), lipoteichoic acid, and lipopolysaccharide, constitute microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), can be recognized by PRRs within the innate immune system, and play a role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and promoting gut health
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Three specific Microbial Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) are polysaccharide A (PSA), formyl peptides and D-glycero-β-D-mannoheptose-1,7-bisphosphate (HBP)
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Moreover, common TLR-activating MAMPs include viral and bacterial nucleic acids (which can signal trough TLR3 or TLR9), and mannans (which signal through TLR2 or TLR4)
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see also:
Phagocytes
