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The FD mice exhibited gut microbiota dysbiosis (decreased Bacteroidetes and increased Proteobacteria), significantly associated with cognitive deficits.
Shi et al. 2021b Microbiome 9: 223
Gut microbiota in the US individuals who consume a modern western diet showed less diversity than their rural counterparts whose diet is dominated by plant-based polysaccharides such as corn and cassava
Yatsunenko et al. 2012
Children's diet from Western Europe was high in fat, animal protein, and sugar but low in fiber (IM)
Wan et al. 2020 Gut Microbes 11: 603-609
Children living in rural Africa following their traditional diet showed higher diversity in their gut microbiota than those from western Europe adhering to a typical Western diet (IM)
De Filippo et al. 2010 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 14691-14696
The FD diet compromised the intestinal barrier and reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production.
Shi et al. 2021b Microbiome 9: 223
SCFA plays a critical role in linking altered gut microbiota and cognitive impairment.
Shi et al. 2021b Microbiome 9: 223
Western diets shift the microbiota away from fibre degraders in favour of species that thrive on mucus.
Sonnenburg & Sonnenburg 2019a
Predominance of this diet type is also associated with lowered immune function (and hence, susceptibility to infection and metabolic diseases)
Diets rich in protein and fats (most associated with diets consumed in European countries) are correlated with Bacteroides, Bilophila, and Alistipes (bile-tolerant species) and inhibition of Firmicutes
Switching from a low-fat, plant polysaccharide-rich diet to a high-fat/high-sugar “Western” diet (Harlan-Teklad TD.96132) altered microbiome gene expression
Turnbaugh et al. 2009a
Switching from a low-fat, plant polysaccharide-rich diet to a high-fat/high-sugar “Western” diet (Harlan-Teklad TD.96132) changed the representation of metabolic pathways in the microbiome
Turnbaugh et al. 2009a
Switching from a low-fat, plant polysaccharide-rich diet to a high-fat/high-sugar “Western” diet (Harlan-Teklad TD.96132) shifted the structure of the microbiota within a single day
Turnbaugh et al. 2009a
The Western diet was associated with significantly increased levels of Bacilli (mainly Enterococcus) and Erysipelotrichi (Clostridium innocuum strain SB23, Eubacterium dolichum, and Catenibacterium mitsuokai) along the entire length of the gut compared to the LF/PP diet
Turnbaugh et al. 2009a
The Western diet-associated fecal microbiome was enriched for a number of KEGG pathways involved in nutrient processing, including those for ABC transporters and Phosphotransferase Systems (PTS)
Turnbaugh et al. 2009a