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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) ligands are Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) agonists and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) antagonists or partial agonists/antagonists. The term "AhR ligand" refers broadly to any molecule that binds to the AhR, but the effect of that binding depends on the specific ligand and its mode of action.
Upon ligand binding, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) translocates into the nucleus and dimerizes with its partner, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt), to induce target gene transcription
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a cytosolic sensor of small polycyclic aromatic compounds, known as xenobiotics, such as 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD)
).
In addition to xenobiotics, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) binds endogenous ligands, including metabolites of tryptophan, metabolites of arachidonic acid, and dietary compounds such as natural flavonoids and Indole-3-carbinol derivatives
;
).
The ligand of AhR (2-(1 ′ H-indole-3 ′ carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE)) suppresses autoimmunity by inducing Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)
Many of these environmental AhR ligands are highly immunosuppressive, which is particularly relevant to the current studies.
see also:
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) & Cancer / Tumors
Coeliac / Celiac disease (CeD) & Gut microbiota