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During an immune response, the duration of T cell residence in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues likely affects T cell activation, differentiation, and memory development
The factors that govern T cell transit through inflamed tissues remain incompletely understood, but one crucial determinant of T cell exit from tissues is sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling
In homeostasis, Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels are high in blood and lymph compared to lymphoid organs, and lymphocytes follow S1P gradients out of tissues into circulation using varying combinations of five G-protein coupled S1P receptors
During an immune response, both the shape of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) gradients and the expression of S1P receptors are dynamically regulated
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptor (S1PR) are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including inflammatory bowel disease