Low-grade Chronic Inflammation (inflammaging)

Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, the aberrant elevation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels from several endogenous and exogenous processes in the brain may affect cell signaling and trigger cellular senescence inflammation and pyroptosis.
Onyango et al. 2021 Biomedicines 9: 524

These are reflected by changes in circulating immune markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) [26], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [27], tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [28] and its soluble receptors (tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFR-I) and tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFR-II)) [28], vascular cell adhesion molecule I (VCAM-I) [29], d-dimer [30], and sirtuin signaling [31,32].
Onyango et al. 2021 Biomedicines 9: 524

The drawback of chronic subclinical inflammation is that it is an essential risk factor for increasing the incidence of degenerative diseases such as AD [33–35].
Onyango et al. 2021 Biomedicines 9: 524

see also:
Aging / Senescence