Gut microbiota & T helper 17 cell (Th17)

Th17 cells play an important role in maintaining mucosal barriers and contributing to pathogen clearance at mucosal surfaces

The loss of Th17 cell populations at mucosal surfaces has been linked to chronic inflammation and microbial translocation

The metabolic activity of human gut bacteria promotes Th17 activation exacerbating colitis severity
Alexander et al. 2022 Cell Host & Microbe 30: 17-30

Unlike TH1 and TH2 cells, CD4+ Th17 Cells cells preferentially accumulate in the intestine, which indicates that gut‑intrinsic mechanisms might regulate the development of CD4+ Th17 Cells
Kamada et al. 2013 Nature Rev. Immunol. 13: 321

Selected species of gram + bacteria stimulate the generation of a specific subset of “pathogenic” T helper 17 (pTh17) cells and memory Th1 immune response
Viaud et al. 2013 Science 342(6161): 971-976

Consistent with this hypothesis, the presence of intestinal CD4+ Th17 Cells is significantly reduced in antibiotic‑treated or germ‑free mice (Atarashi et al. 2008 Nature 455: 808-812; Ivanov et al. 2008 Cell Host Microbe 4: 337-349; Gaboriau-Routhiau et al. 2009; Ivanov et al. 2009; Shaw et al. 2012 J Exp Med 209(2): 251–8), which shows that the microbiota has a crucial role in CD4+ Th17 Cells cell development
Kamada et al. 2013 Nature Rev. Immunol. 13: 321

see also:
Biological effects / Functions & Candidatus Savagella (Segmented filamentous bacteria/SFB)
Candidatus Savagella (Segmented filamentous bacteria/SFB)
Gut microbiota & T helper cell
T cell differentiation