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Gut microbiota / Evidence-based microbiome knowledge (incl. AI chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

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Biological effects / Functions & Macrophages (CD68s)

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Macrophages help clear microbes by using mechanisms such as

phagocytosis
Lötstedt et al. 2024 Nat Biotechnol 42: 1394-1403

production of reactive oxygen species
Littman & Pamer 2011 Cell Host Microbe. 10: 311-323

nitric oxide (NO)
Vazquez-Torres et al. 2008 Methods Enzymol 437: 521-538

antimicrobial peptides
Smith et al. 2011 Mucosal Immunol 4: 31-42
Kim 2014a Intest Res 12: 20-33

Tissue-resident macrophages contribute not only to immune defence but also to tissue homeostasis.
Ginhoux & Guilliams 2016 Immunity 44: 439-449
Nobs & Kops 2021 …

References (Sources)

Crosstalk between muscularis macrophages and enteric neurons regulates gastrointestinal motility
Muller et al. 2014 Cell 158: 300-313
Intestinal macrophages and response to microbial encroachment
Smith et al. 2011 Mucosal Immunol 4: 31-42
Review
Niche-specific functional heterogeneity of intestinal resident macrophages
Viola & Boeckxstaens 2021 Gut 70: 1383-1395
Role of the commensal microbiota in normal and pathogenic host immune responses
Littman & Pamer 2011 Cell Host Microbe. 10: 311-323
Review
Tissue-resident macrophage ontogeny and homeostasis
Ginhoux & Guilliams 2016 Immunity 44: 439-449
Review
Tissue-resident macrophages self-maintain locally throughout adult life with minimal contribution from circulating monocytes
Hashimoto et al. 2013 Immunity 38: 792-804
Tissue-resident macrophages: guardians of organ homeostasis
Nobs & Kops 2021 Trends in Immunology 42: 495-507
Review

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Biological effects / Functions & Macrophages (CD68s)

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