Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) / Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a type of cancer with one of the highest mortality rates, a statistic that has remained virtually unchanged for the past forty years.
Simpson et al. 2025 Trends in Cancer 11(4): 274-275

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most difficult-to-treat cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of only 8%, one of the lowest of all cancers.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is an aggressive cancer surrounded by a highly immuno-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which limits efficacy of most available therapies
Chandra et al. 2023 Cancer Res 83 (7_Supplement): 5918

One of the reasons for the dismal prognosis resides in its impressive ability to alter the nutritional status of patients who develop malnutrition, cachexia, anorexia, and sarcopenia in most cases.
Capurso et al. 2022 Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 22: 155-167

In addition, most PDAC patients experience Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) that contributes to the complex puzzle of malnutrition and that can be treated with Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT).
Capurso et al. 2022 Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 22: 155-167

Prevalent intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer has been revealed as an essential cause of its poor prognosis.
Huang et al. 2022b Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 43: 482

There is growing evidence supporting the significance of subtyping pancreatic tumors based on their molecular characteristics for improving the accuracy of clinical decision-making on treatment.
Huang et al. 2022b Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 43: 482

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) / Pancreatic Cancer is expected to be the second most deadly cancer by 2040, owing to the high incidence of metastatic disease and limited responses to treatment
Nevala-Plagemann et al. 2020 Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 17: 108–123
Rahib et al. 2021 JAMA Netw. Open 4: e214708

The two main types of pancreatic cancer are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor affecting less than 5% of patients.
Sobocki et al. 2021 Nutrients 13: 4425

The development of pancreatic cancer is triggered through many factors, including genetic background (mutations of genes), lifestyle (high-fat diet, smoking), gut microbiota dysbiosis, the occurrence of other diseases/conditions (obesity, type 2 diabetes, pancreatitis), and many others
Hoffmann et al. 2013 PLoS ONE 6: e66019
Mukherjee et al. 2015 Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2: 77–87
Aykut et al. 2019 Nature 7777: 264–267
Wei et al. 2019c Mol Cancer 18: 97
Ka´zmierczak-Siedlecka et al. 2020 Cancers 12: 1326

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) / Pancreatic Cancer is a high mortality malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 9% for all stages, and ~90% of patients are at advanced settings exhibiting a 5-year survival rate of 3% when diagnosed
Siegel et al. 2019 CA Cancer J Clin 69: 7‑34

Activating mutations of the KRAS oncogene are the earliest genetic changes in transformation to pancreatic cancer (over 90% of diagnosed pancreatic cancers)
Tesfaye et al. 2018

Mutations in brca gene account for approximately 5% of all Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) / Pancreatic Cancer
Tesfaye et al. 2018

BRCA2 gene mutation account for up to 20% of all cases of familial PDAC
Tesfaye et al. 2018

PDAC is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide within the next decade due to its gradually increasing mortality rates
Rahib et al. 2014 Cancer Res 74: 2913‑2921

see also:
Cancer microbiome / Tumor microbiota
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (Mismatch Repair Deficiency (MMR-d) / DNA Mismatch Repair / Microsatellite Instability (MSI))
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) / Pancreatic Cancer (BRCA m)
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) / Pancreatic Cancer (HER1 m)
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) / Pancreatic Cancer (KRAS m)
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) / Pancreatic Cancer (NRG1 +)