Adiposity / Obesity & Nutrition

Diets that lead to obesity may send signals that cause inflammation, disrupting how immune cells and gut lining cells communicate, leading to metabolic problems. These diet-related changes can also affect gut bacteria, worsening metabolic issues. Studies show that such diets lower Interleukin-22 (IL-22), a substance that normally helps control gut bacteria by promoting the production of protective proteins and antibodies.
Zou et al. 2018 Cell Host Microbe 23: 41-53.e44
Tilg et al. 2020 Nat Rev Immunol 20: 40-54
Okamura et al. 2021 Front Immunol 12: 669672
Liébana-García et al. 2022 Nutrients 14: 440

In experiments with mice, adding inulin to a …