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Kynurenine pathway
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Tryptophan metabolites from the Kynurenine Pathway by the gut microbiota suppress inflammatory responses in the macrophages.
Kynurenines serve as precursors for signaling molecules and are the first step in de novo NAD+ synthesis. In mammalian cells, the kynurenine pathway is initiated by the rate-limiting enzymes tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and interferon-responsive Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO). This pathway…
References (Sources)
- Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease
- Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Homeostasis
- Microorganisms, Tryptophan Metabolism, and Kynurenine Pathway: A Complex Interconnected Loop Influencing Human Health Status
- Polyamines and Kynurenines at the Intersection of Immune Modulation
- The Footprint of Kynurenine Pathway in Neurodegeneration: Janus-Faced Role in Parkinson’s Disorder and Therapeutic Implications
- The Gut Microbiota, Kynurenine pathway, and Immune System Interaction in the Development of Brain CancerReview
- Tryptophan and indole metabolism in immune regulation