Acetate

As such, only acetate is thought to reach the peripheral circulation in relatively high amounts.
Wijdeveld et al. 2020

Acetate is the primary substrate for lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis
Meng et al. 2020 J Appl Microbiol 129(4): 787-805

As the most abundant SCFA, acetate is produced by most enterobacteria from pyruvate via acetyl-CoA and also via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway by acetogens
Louis et al. 2014 Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 12: 661-672
Koh et al. 2016 Cell 165: 1332

Acetate does not exclusively originate from the Colon / Large Intestine; it is also produced endogenously from fatty acid oxidation.
Layden et al. 2013 Transl Res 161: 131-40

The liver and heart absorbed most C-acetate tracers, and a small amount passed through the blood-brain barrier (approximately 3%)
Holmes et al. 2012a Cell Metab 16(5): 559-564

Acetate as saturated aliphatic organic acid is one of the Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which is reabsorbed by the host for energy and stimulates salt and water absorption. It is found in portal blood and is eventually metabolized by peripheral tissues, particularly muscle
Cummings et al. 1987 Gut 28: 1221-1227
Cummings & Englyst 1987 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45: 1243-1255

Which bacteria consume plenty of acetate?

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
others

see also:
Acetate-producing bacteria
Enterocytes / Intestinal Epithelial Cells (IECs) & Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)
Microbial SCFA Production