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Only about 5% of primary bile acids escape into the large intestine, where they are modified by gut microbiota into Secondary bile salts / Secondary bile acids (SBAs), such as the highly toxic deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) through a multistep process that involves deconjugation and dehydroxylation. This modification is facilitated by bacterial [bile salt hydrolases]…