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Modern studies have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Damage to the gut barrier and bacterial translocation induced inflammation and immune responses worsened heart failure, and altered gut flora affected various metabolic pathways, including trimethylamine / TMAO, SCFA, and bile acid pathways, leading to heart failure. At the same time, the regulation of gut flora through diet, probiotics, antibiotics, fecal transplantation, and microbial enzyme inhibitors has developed into a potential treatment for many metabolic disorders.
TMA: Trimethylamine; TMAO: trimethylamine N-oxide; SCFA: short-chain fatty acids; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; FMO3: flavin monooxygenase-3; Treg: regulatory T cells; Th17: helper T cells 17; GPR: G protein receptor; FXR: farnesoid X receptor; TGR5: G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1.
see also:
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) & Gut Microbiota
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) & Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)