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Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88 (MYD88) is the most common and universal adaptor protein for all Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) except for Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) connecting signals from outside the cell to the proteins that relay signals inside the cell.
By attaching to their ligands and experiencing conformational changes, the recruit of the MyD88 adaptive molecule and interaction with the intracellular domain of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) follow.
MyD88 then activates and recruits Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1), Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2 (IRAK2), and Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) forming a complex named Myddosome, which then associates with TRAF6
Once IRAK-4 binds Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88 (MYD88), it recruits and phosphorylates IRAK-1, which activates the kinase function of IRAK-1.
The MyD88/IRAK/TRAF6 complex mediates the activation of transcription factors IRF5 and IRF7 for cytokine and IFN-alfa production, respectively.
MyD88-dependent pathway can induce the activation of NF kappa B (NFKB) / NFKB Family and Activator protein 1 / Transcription Factor AP-1 (AP-1), leading to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-alfa), Interleukin-1 (IL-1) / Interleukin-1 family, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88 (MYD88) signaling is required for the epithelial expression of antimicrobial genes Reg III beta and Regenerating Islet-Derived Protein 3 Gamma / Regenerating Islet-Derived Protein III-Gamma (REG3G).
see also:
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4)
MyD88/TRAF6 pathway
MyD88 / NFKB / MAPK Signal transduction Pathway
TLR4-MyD88 Signal transduction Pathway