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A large number of commensal bacteria interact with the host's adaptive immune system. They induce microbe-specific T cells and antibodies. This interaction can benefit both host and microbe. It protects the epithelial barrier and offers bacteria a safe haven. However, it can also cause intestinal inflammation.
Two hypotheses have been proposed about this interaction: the presence of PRRs in host cells to recognize MAMPs and Alarmins / Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) and the activity of microbial metabolites across different mammalian biological systems
To prevent inappropriate activation on high-contact surfaces with microbes, commensal microorganisms can interact with the immune , endocrine , and nervous systems
The gut microbiota in mammals, including humans and mice, is commensal, which in Latin means ‘sharing a dining table.’
Commensal bacteria mediate extraction, synthesis, and absorption of a wide variety of metabolites
see also:
Bacterial metabolites / Microbial metabolites
Eubiosis / Homeostasis & Gut microbiota
Gut microbiota & Immunity
Gut microbiota & Inflammation / Inflammatory Diseases
Gut microbiota & Metabolic activities / Metabolism
Gut microbiota & Nervous System
Gut microbiota & T-cell recognition
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) & Secreted Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) / IgA