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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, accounting for about 10 percent of all cancer cases. Furthermore, it ranks second as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is categorized into two colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is recognized as the fourth leading cause of deaths related to cancer and holds the position of the third most common cancer worldwide. This type of cancer can be categorized into two maior distinct groups based on the origin of mutations: sporadic and hereditary.
Inflammatory processes also play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Different activation profiles of cells in the tumor microenvironment can promote pro- or anti-tumor pathways.Most cases are Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), but a small proportion is hereditary, estimated at around 5-10%. In both, the tumor interacts with heterogeneous cell populations, such as endothelial, stromal, and immune cells, secreting different signals (cytokines, chemokines or growth factors) to generate a favorable tumor microenvironment for cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Dysbiosis with a change in the content of diet-derived microbial metabolites (such as butyrate and polyamines) is also associated with Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Some bacteria, such as pks+ Escherichia coli or Fusobacterium nucleatum, are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis through various pathomechanisms, including the induction of genetic mutations in epithelial cells and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment.
Colorectal cancer (CRC ) is resistant to apoptosis and has uncontrolled proliferation
Several genes like KIAA1199 , CDH3 , GUCA2B, LGALS4, CA7, NR3C2, ABCG2, AQP8, etc. were found to be implicated in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) pathophysiology
Colorectal cancer patients usually experience the spread of cancer to distant parts of the body within five years after the initial diagnosis of the primary tumor, and this situation is the main reason for cancer-related deaths globally.
The Understanding of Colorectal tumorigenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and How It Differs from Sporadic Colorectal Cancer Remains not Fully Elucidated.
In the early stages of colorectal cancer (CRC), symptoms are often not very clear. However, as the disease progresses to more advanced stages, it commonly presents with symptoms such as abdominal pain, an abdominal mass, hematochezia (blood in the stool), bowel obstruction, and anemia. Additionally, systemic symptoms like weight loss, fatigue, and mild fever may also be present. The development of CRC is closely linked to various factors, including physiological and genetic factors, behavioral habits, lifestyle choices, and other diseases. The role of gut flora is also significant in the occurrence of CRC.
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) rates are rising among younger people. It continues to be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
The 5-year survival rate for early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis, specifically stages 0 to 2, is 80%. In contrast, a late-stage diagnosis, such as stage 4, results in only a 10% survival rate.
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) ranks among the most common cancers globally.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer globally, with over 1.2 million new cases and 600,000 deaths annually.
The location of a tumor is a significant predictor for
Colorectal cancer is a diverse group of tumors that develop through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. This process is affected by environmental factors, the microbiota, and various host factors.
Most cases of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) are considered Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), occurring in average-risk individuals without a family history or evident genetic predisposition, primarily affecting those over the age of 50.
Colorectal adenomas and cancer have genetic components, but they are multifactorial diseases involving host immunity, environmental factors, and intestinal microbiota.
Castells et al. 2009 Gastroenterology 137(2): 404–9
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the most common and lethal forms of cancer. However, over the past few decades, both the incidence and mortality rates have been on the decline. This positive trend is largely credited to the rise in screening practices, which facilitate the removal of polyps and the early diagnosis of CRC. When detected at an early stage, CRC boasts a 5-year survival rate exceeding 90%.
Reducing the impact of colorectal cancer (CRC) faces several challenges. Firstly, more people under the age of 50 are being diagnosed and dying from CRC. Secondly, if CRC is found at a late stage when it has spread, only 14% of those patients survive for five years. Lastly, only 59% of people who are 45 years or older are following the recommended screening guidelines.
Improved and more accessible diagnostic approaches are crucial for tackling these challenges. Notably, recent advancements in DNA sequencing technologies have resulted in reduced sequencing costs and eliminated the dependence on sequencing facilities.
The advent of affordable sequencing techniques has allowed for the investigation of microbial markers to assess disease risk.
Detecting and treating Colorectal Cancer (CRC) early is crucial because the survival rate declines as the disease advances.
see also:
Butyrate / Butyric acid & Colorectal cancer (CRC)
Cancer / Tumors & Personalized Medicine / Precision Medicine
Carcinogenesis / Oncogenesis / Tumorigenesis & Gut microbiota
Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer (CAC)
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) & Mutated variants (“drivers”)
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) & Polyamines / Polyamine
Gut microbiota & Tumor Microenvironment (TME)
Lynch Syndrome / Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC)