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The accepted model suggests that Lgr5+ crypt-base columnar (CBC) cells cells are the only intestinal stem cell (ISC) compartment. Studies have shown that Lgr5+ cells are not essential for intestinal regeneration. Two main hypotheses arise from this:
Findings, supported by in vivo lineage tracing, reveal:
Intestinal stem cells produce absorptive enterocytes and all secretory cell types, such as Enteroendocrine Cells (EEC), Paneth cells, and goblet cells.
Intestinal stem cell maturation and development coincide with gut microbiota exposure after birth
Single-cell transcriptional analysis revealed impaired stem cell differentiation into Paneth cells and macrophage specification upon antibiotic treatment in early life
CD206+ subset of Intestinal mucosal macrophages secreted Wnt ligands, which maintained the mesenchymal niche cells important for Paneth cell differentiation
Intestinal Stem Cells (ISCs) are characterized by their specific location, marker expression, proliferative potential, ability to form organoids, and unique transcriptional profile, enabling their crucial role in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
The intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche provides essential signals, including Wnt, Notch, and epidermal growth factor (EGF), which support Lgr5+ crypt base columnar ISCs for normal epithelial maintenance.
Little is known about the maintenance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progenitors during immune-mediated tissue damage, e.g., during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)