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Interleukin-22 (IL-22) can be leased by Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and T cells / T lymphocytes. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and T cells / T lymphocytes localize to distinct microanatomic niches during Citrobacter rodentium infection. There are spatiotemporal differences in the production and action of Interleukin-22 (IL-22) by Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and T cells / T lymphocytes during infection and reveal an indispensable role for IL-22-producing T cells in the protection of the intestinal crypts.
ILC-derived IL-22 activated STAT3 in Citrobacter rodentium-colonized surface Enterocytes / Intestinal Epithelial Cells (IECs) but only temporally restrained early bacterial growth. T cell-derived IL-22 induced more robust and extensive activation of STAT3 in IECs , including IECs lining colonic crypts, to prevent Citrobacter rodentium dissemination into colonic crypts. Conversely, T cell-specific deficiency of IL-22 led to pathogen invasion of the crypts and increased mortality.
T cell-derived IL-22 is required to express a host-protective transcriptomic program with defense genes for Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), neutrophil-recruiting chemokines, and mucin-related molecules. T cell-derived IL-22 restricted Interferon Type II (IFN Type II) / Interferon Gamma (IFN-g)-induced pro-inflammatory genes.
However, Interleukin-22 (IL-22) also has a protective role in specific compartments such as mucosal tissues or epithelial barriers
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) helps maintain an intact epithelium. It balances the microbiota. It defends against external threats. However, IL-22 needs tight regulation. Uncontrolled IL-22 can cause autoimmunity and cancer.
Interleukin-22 (IL-22), a cytokine that acts mainly on epithelial cells, ensuring tissue homeostasis and repair
IL-22 is a member of the Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Family that has gained considerable attention in the last years due to its role in linking inflammation and regenerative processes. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) can be produced by various immune cells, including CD4+ Th1 Cells, T helper 17 cell (Th17), CD4+ Th22 Cells, CD8+ T cells, gamma/delta T cells, Natural killer cells (NK cells), Natural Killer T cell (NKT-Cell), and Group 3 ILCs (ILC3)
The pro-inflammatory functions of Interleukin-22 (IL-22) are well documented in the skin and autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), potent producers of Interleukin-22 (IL-22) after intestinal injury, increased the growth of murine small intestine (SI) organoids in an Interleukin-22 (IL-22)-dependent fashion
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has opposing inflammatory and cytoprotective effects, leading to pathologic inflammation and overstimulation of keratinocytes in psoriasis while limiting toxicity in models of acute hepatitis and DSS-induced colitis
see also:
Biological effects / Functions & Interleukin-22 (IL-22)