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Gut bacteria produce a range of neurotransmitters through digestion and metabolism; By this, gut bacteria may play essential roles in regulating the neurotransmission at proximal synapses in the ENS
The gut microbiota has been found to not only be an essential component of immune and metabolic health but also seems to influence the development and diseases of the enteric and central nervous system, including motility disorders, behavioral disorders, neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular accidents, and neuroimmune-mediated disorders
Bacteria have been shown to produce and/or consume a wide range of mammalian neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Accumulating evidence in animals suggests that manipulation of these neurotransmitters by bacteria may have an impact on host physiology
Preliminary human studies are showing that microbiota-based interventions can also alter neurotransmitter levels.
Nonetheless, substantially more work is required to determine whether microbiota-mediated manipulation of human neurotransmission has any physiological implications
According to Iyer et al., microbiota uses precisely the same biochemical pathways to produce neurotransmitters as its host
see also:
4-Aminobutyric acid / GABA & Enteric nervous system (ENS)
4-Aminobutyric acid / GABA & Gut Microbiota
4-Aminobutyric acid / GABA & Lactobacillus
4-Aminobutyric acid / GABA & Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
4-Aminobutyric acid / GABA producing bacterial species and strains
5-HT / 5-Hydroxytryptamine / Serotonin & Brain-Gut-Microbiome-Axis / Gut-Brain Axis
5-HT / 5-Hydroxytryptamine / Serotonin & Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
5-HT / 5-Hydroxytryptamine / Serotonin & Escherichia
Gut microbiota & Serotonin (5-HT)
5-HT / 5-Hydroxytryptamine / Serotonin & Lacticaseibacillus (Lactobacillus)
5-HT / 5-Hydroxytryptamine / Serotonin Producing Bacteria
5-HT / 5-Hydroxytryptamine / Serotonin & Streptococcus
Bacillus & Dopamine
Dopamine-Producing Bacteria
Dopamine & Enteric nervous system (ENS)
Dopamine & Gut microbiota
Endobiotics
Enteric nervous system (ENS) & Gut microbiota
Gut Microbiota & Hormones/Hormone System
Gut microbiota & Interactions
Gut Micobiota & Noradrenaline / Norepinephrine
Noradrenaline-producing bacterial species and strains