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Anti-bacterial compounds secreted by the Paneth cells together with the mucus keep bacteria away from the epithelium in the small intestine. The inner mucus layer of colon is formed by mucins and other molecules from the Goblet cells to generate a bacterial barrier. The Commensal Bacteria / Commensalism live and utilize the mucins of the outer colon mucus layer
MUCIN-2 (MUC2)'s reaction to bacterial toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands interferes with the transcription of Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8) / Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-alfa)
The small intestine has only one type of mucus that is nonattached and readily penetrable by Bacteria as it is not as dense and well structured as in colon
It is composed of mucins, predominantly mucin-2 (Muc2), secreted by goblet cells of the intestine
Mucus Layer Consists of Two Separate Sublayers: the Inner Layer Is Attached to the Epithelial Cell Layer and Is Devoid of Bacteria
The mucous membranes of the gut and airways have essential barrier functions and regulate the induction of immunological tolerance.
Chronic inflammatory diseases of these surfaces include inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. The immune functions of these mucous membranes are impaired in humans
The normal inner colon mucus layer acts as a filter and is impenetrable to non-pathogenic bacteria
The total mucosal surface area of the adult human gastrointestinal tract is up to 300 mH2
The intestinal membrane-bound mucins (Muc1, Muc3, MUCIN-4 (MUC4), MUCIN-12 (MUC12), MUCIN-13 (MUC13) and MUCIN-17 (MUC17) protect against pathogens that penetrate the inner mucus layer
see also:
Colon Mucus Layers / Colon Mucosa
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier / Mucosal Barrier / Mucus Layer
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier / Mucus Layer & Composition
Development of Gut Microbiota & Prenatal development / Prenatal Life