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As we get older, the makeup and role of certain immune cells in our intestines, called mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), change. More monocytes, which are a type of white blood cell from the blood, are drawn to the intestines. These monocytes then turn into different types of MNPs, which reduces the number of the original MNPs that were already there. Aging also changes how these intestinal MNPs work, making them more likely to cause inflammation.
These changes lead to mild inflammation often seen in older people. They also affect how MNPs react to signals from inside the body, like those from friendly bacteria, and outside threats, like vaccines and treatments.
The elevated basal level of innate immune responses during aging leads to sustained inflammation, a condition known as inflammaging, which contributes to an increased risk of developing age-related diseases.
NFKB signaling is a central player in this process as it integrates microbial cues via PRRs and, in turn, orchestrates innate immune responses.
Thus, elevated constitutive activation of NFKB during aging, a fallout of microbial dysbiosis, is associated with several age-related pathologies, including chronic inflammatory diseases and many types of cancers.
As people age, they often experience more inflammation. This is usually because the balance of microbes in their bodies changes. Unfortunately, there aren't many solutions to help older people deal with these health problems.
Aging is sometimes described as a low-grade chronic pro-inflammatory state, known as 'inflammaging', which shows a connection between immune cells and the aging process.
Aging and age-related diseases share some fundamental mechanistic pillars that largely converge on inflammation. During aging, chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammation - called inflammaging - develops, which contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases
From an evolutionary perspective, a variety of stimuli sustain inflammaging, including pathogens (non-self), endogenous cell debris and misplaced molecules (self), and nutrients and Gut microbiota (quasi-self).
A limited number of receptors, whose degeneracy allows them to recognize many signals and activate the innate immune responses, since these stimuli.
Akkermansia , Bifidobacterium , and Lactobacillus have all been shown to reduce inflammation and maintain intestinal integrity , suggesting an integral role of the immune system in Aging / Senescence
Aging / Senescence results in chronic systemic inflammation that can alter neuroinflammation of the brain
see also:
Age-associated diseases
Aging / Senescence & Dysbiosis
Aging / Senescence & Gut microbiota
Arginase II
Immunosenescence
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Low-grade Chronic Inflammation (inflammaging)